Objective: The study aimed to explore the effects of applying modified objective structured clinical examination to experiment examination in the obstetrics and gynecology nursing. Methods: 70 undergraduates nursing students admitted in 2010 were adopted as the control group and 80 undergraduates nursing students admitted in 2011 were adopted as the experimental group. The control group was tested by traditional experiment examination method and the experimental group were tested by modified OSCE mode with 2 students as a group. socio-demographic data and critical thinking disposition inventory chinese version were employed in the investigation of the two groups of students in the 2-3 weeks before the experiment examination and in the 1 week after the experiment examination. The self-designed questionnaire to evaluate the effects of modified OSCE mode were filled among the same experimental group in the 1 week after the experiment examination. Results: There were no statistical differences between subscale scores and total scores of CTDI-CV in the two groups before the experiment examination(P>0.05). The open-mindedness subscale scores and analyticity subscale scores of CTDI-CV in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group after the experiment examination(P<0.05). The mean scores of operational skills and mean total scores of the experiment examination in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The majority of the experimental group had a positive evaluation on modified OSCE mode and three stations and provided suggestions for OSCE improvement, meanwhile they also knew their shortcomings. Conclusion: There were some effects with the application of modified OSCE mode in the experiment examination of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing. It can raise the level of critical thinking and examination scores, and be accepted by nursing students. Its inadequacies should also be improved.