Objective: To investigate the cognitive function of elderly lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the cognitive function. Methods: A total of 121 hospitalized elderly lymphoma patients with chemotherapy were investigated using self-designed general scale and the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MocA). Results: The incidence of cognitive impairment was 81.0%, the score of cognitive function was 23.17±3.40. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, urban and rural, educational level, chemotherapy regimen and self-management level were the relevant factors of cognitive function in elderly lymphoma chemotherapy patients, which accounted for 50.9% of the total variation. Conclusion: Because of the high incidence of cognitive impairment multiple influencing factors, clinical medical staff should strengthen the cognitive training of elderly patients for improve the quality of life of these elderly patients.