Objective: To explore the effect of incentive nursing on the quality of life and self-care ability of hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 120 hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 60 cases in each group.The patients of control group were given routine nursing, and the patients of observation group were given incentive nursing on this basis.The quality of life, self-care ability, knowledge of disease intervention and treatment and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The life satisfaction, health index, general affective index and affective score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group( P<0.05). The scores of self-concept, health knowledge, self-care skills and self-care responsibility in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05). After nursing, the scores of compliance behavior, prevention and treatment of complications, high risk factors, dietary precautions, first aid knowledge and skills in the observation group were better than the control group( P<0.05).The complication rates of hypertension, heart failure, dyspnea and hypotension in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group( P<0.05). Conclusion: Incentive nursing can improve the quality of life and self-care ability of hemodialysis patients, and reduce the incidence of complications.