Objective: To explore the current situation and influencing factors of relapse fear in patients with primary breast cancer, and to provide reference for nursing intervention in the future. Methods: 208 patients with primary breast cancer after surgery were selected by convenience sampling. They were surveyed by the questionnaires included general information questionnaire, Chinese big five personality questionnaire and concern about recurrence scale(CARS). Results: The total score of CARS was 80.63±18.513, and there were statistically significant differences in CARS scores among patients of different ages, residence, educational level, family per capita income, religious belief and TNM disease stage( P<0.05).Among the five personality characteristics, the agreeableness score was the highest, and the extraversion score was the lowest.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, residence, educational level and family per capita income of patients had a negative predictive effect, while neurotic personality had a positive predictive effect( P<0.05). Conclusion: There are different degrees of fear of recurrence in patients with primary breast cancer after surgery. Neuroticism is positively correlated with fear of recurrence, and agreeableness, extraversion, openness and conscientiousness are negatively correlated with fear of recurrence.It is suggested that medical staff analyze the source of fear according to different characteristics of patients, and study the correlation between fear of recurrence of cancer and personality traits, so as to provide basis for clinical development of more scientific nursing measures.