关键词: 甲状腺相关眼病, 自我管理, 质性研究, 能力、机会、动机-行为（COM-B）模型, 护理

Abstract: Objective: To explore the real-life experiences of self-management in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and to provide a reference for developing effective self-management intervention programs. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. From November to December 2024, 16 inpatients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy were recruited from the ophthalmology ward of a tertiary grade A general hospital in Kunming, Yunnan Province, and participated in semi-structured interviews. The interview guide was developed based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, relevant literature, and expert consultation. Data were analyzed and themes were extracted using the Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method within the phenomenological research approach. Results: Three themes and eight sub-themes were identified, including specifically capability factors (insufficient ability to acquire and integrate health information, reduced self-management execution due to impaired physical function), opportunity factors (insufficient accessibility and standardization of medical resources, intertwined fragile social support networks and stigma, inadequate public environmental adaptability exacerbating daily life difficulties), and motivation factors (disease adaptation motivation influenced by therapeutic uncertainty, behavior adjustments driven by image management needs, prominent symptom-oriented passive management behaviors). Conclusion: The barriers to self-management behaviors in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy are multifaceted. Nurses can help improve patients' self-management abilities by strengthening self-management knowledge education, providing self-management skills training, and mobilizing social support systems based on individual patient needs.

Key words: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, Self-management, Qualitative research, Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Behavior model, Nursing