Objective: To explore the real experience of the junior nurses cooperating with critical disease surgery in the operating room of cancer hospital, so as to further improve the emergency coordination ability of the junior nurses. Methods: A total of 13 junior nurses from operating room of cancer hospital were included by purposive sampling method. Qualitative research methods of phenomenological research were adopted and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Original data was analyzed by using Colaizzi step 7 phenomenological analysis to summarize real experience and cognitive with critical disease surgery of junior nurses in operating room of cancer hospital. Results: Five topics were extracted including theoretical knowledge of the limitations of critical disease surgery in junior nurses, low level of surgery practice skill with critical disease in junior nurses, lack of predictive nursing thinking with critical disease surgery in junior nurses, lack of communication and coordination ability with critical disease surgery in junior nurses, high level of operation environment pressure with critical disease in junior nurses. Conclusion: The capacity of cooperating with critical disease surgery in junior nurses of operating rooms in cancer hospital was insufficient slightly. It is necessary to establish teaching and training system, innovate teaching mode, build critical patients rescue management system, so as to help junior nurses to calmly and orderly cope with the critical operation, then improve the quality of cooperation, and ensure the life safety of patients in operation room.