关键词: 乳腺癌, 基本心理需求, 潜在剖面, 影响因素, 心理护理

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the latent class characteristics and influencing factors of basic psychological needs in breast cancer patients. Methods: A convenience sampling method was adopted to recruit breast cancer patients from a tertiary grade A hospital in Shandong Province between July and December 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify the latent classes and characteristics of basic psychological needs, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the related influencing factors. Results: The basic psychological needs of 220 breast cancer patients were classified into three categories, including "low psychological needs-low competence group" (18.2%), "moderate psychological needs-high pressure group" (43.6%), and "high psychological needs-care group" (38.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that place of residence, primary caregiver, monthly income, quality of life level, social support level, and self-efficacy were influencing factors of basic psychological needs in breast cancer patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of basic psychological needs among breast cancer patients requires further improvement and exhibits significant heterogeneity. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare providers develop targeted intervention strategies based on the latent profile characteristics of patients' basic psychological needs, in order to better address and fulfill their basic psychological needs.

Key words: Breast cancer, Basic psychological needs, Latent profile, Influencing factors, Psychological nursing