关键词: 衰弱, 老年, 急性冠脉综合征, 潜在剖面, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective: This study examines the prevalence and latent profiles of frailty among elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention, and analyzes influencing factors across different frailty subtypes. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and were hospitalized in the cardiology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Tianjin from April to October 2024 were selected as study subjects. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002). Latent profile analysis was employed to explore potential subtypes of frailty, while univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify associated influencing factors. Results: A total of 330 questionnaires were distributed, with 325 valid responses collected. The prevalence of frailty among the 325 elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention was 42.77%. Using latent profile analysis, three frailty subtypes were identified: the "Comprehensive Low Frailty Group" (57.23%), the "Psychosocial-Moderate Frailty Group" (25.85%), and the "Physical-High Frailty Group" (16.92%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with higher levels of depression, poorer sleep quality, and nutritional risk were more likely to belong to the "Physical-High Frailty Group." Patients with higher anxiety levels, lower social support, and lower physical activity were more likely to be classified into the "Psychosocial-Moderate Frailty Group." Greater handgrip strength and fewer chronic comorbidities were associated with a higher probability of belonging to the "Comprehensive-Low Frailty Group" (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Frailty is highly prevalent and demonstrates substantial heterogeneity among elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention. Healthcare professionals should integrate frailty assessment into routine care for this population, with focused attention on the “Psychosocial-Moderate Frailty Group” and “Physical-High Frailty Group”. Implementing timely, individualized interventions that target subtype-specific features and modifiable risk factors is essential to prevent or mitigate frailty progression in these patients.

Key words: Weak, Elderly, Acute coronary syndrome, Potential profile, Influencing factor