Abstract: Objective: To explore the risk perception and the change of psychological experience of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, so as to provide new reference for further intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: The phenomenological research method in qualitative research was used and 15 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were included by purposive sampling method for semi-structured in-depth interviews. Colaizzi′s seven-step analysis method and Nvivo 11 were used to analyze the interview data. Results: A total of four themes were extracted including optimistic bias risk, economic risk, social risk, and psychological risk. The optimistic bias risk encompassed low perception sensitivity of complication risk, reduced risk perception of the severity of self-management, and negative behavioral response risk. Economic risk comprised time economic growth risk and high-burden medical treatment channel response strategy risk. Social risks included role conflicts and social limitations. Psychological risks included diagnostic anxiety, fear of disease surveillance and depression. Conclusion: Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus have a perceived risk and a poor psychological experience. Clinical obstetric nursing staff should help patients understand the disease process and the risks and obstacles in self-management, provide professional technical guidance and psychological support, assist patients in improving their risk perception ability, and coping with negative experiences related to disease and self - management.

Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Risk perception, Self-management, Psychological experience, Qualitative study

摘要： 目的：了解妊娠期糖尿病患者在患病过程中对于疾病的风险感知情况及心理体验的变化，为进一步对妊娠期糖尿病患者进行干预提供新的参考。方法：采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法，以目的抽样法选取 15 例妊娠期糖尿病患者进行半结构式深入访谈，运用 Colaizzi 七步分析法辅以 Nvivo 11 对访谈资料进行分析。结果：共提炼出 4 个主题，即乐观偏倚风险、经济风险、社会风险、 心理风险。其中乐观偏倚风险包括低并发症风险感知敏感度、自我管理严重性感知降低风险、消极行为应对风险；经济风险包括就诊时间经济成本增加风险、高负担就医渠道应对策略风险；社会风险包括角色冲突、社会支持受阻；心理风险包括诊断性焦虑、疾病监测恐惧心理、抑郁情绪。结论：妊娠期糖尿病患者存在感知风险，心理体验欠佳。护理人员应帮助患者认识患病过程以及自我管理中存在的风险和障碍，提供专业的技术指导和心理支持，协助患者提高其风险感知能力，应对疾病及疾病自我管理中的有关负性体验。

关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 风险感知, 自我管理, 心理体验, 质性研究