Abstract: Objective: To investigate thoracic surgery nurses′ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the care of swallowing dysfunction in patients after esophageal cancer radical surgery, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: A self-developed questionnaire on thoracic surgery nurses′ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the care of swallowing dysfunction in patients after esophageal cancer radical surgery was used to survey 319 thoracic surgery nurses from 24 comprehensive hospitals in Hubei Province. Results: The scores of thoracic surgery nurses on the three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the care of swallowing dysfunction in patients after esophageal cancer radical surgery were 54.25±15.00, 51.04±7.05, and 44.14±9.14, respectively. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that educational level, years of experience in thoracic surgery department, and specialized training in rehabilitation nursing were influencing factors for nurses′ knowledge(P<0.05). Dysphagia related training experience was the influencing factor of nurses′ attitude towards dysphagia care of patients after radical resection of esophageal cancer(P<0.05). Dysphagia related training experience and years of experience in thoracic surgery department were the main influencing factors of nurses′ behavior of dysphagia care in patients after radical resection of esophageal cancer(P<0.05). Conclusion: Nurses in thoracic surgery department generally have a positive attitude toward the care of swallowing dysfunction in patients after esophageal cancer radical surgery, but their knowledge level and practical behavior are insufficient. Clinical settings should develop targeted training programs based on the different characteristics of thoracic surgery nurses to enhance their intrinsic motivation and enthusiasm, thereby improving their nursing practices. Based on the different characteristics of thoracic surgery nurses, targeted training should be developed to enhance their intrinsic motivation and improve their nursing practice behavior.