Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of victim justice sensitivity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods: A total of 318 elderly patients with COPD in stable phase were included. The general information questionnaire, victim justice sensitivity inventory (VJSI)，and self-perceived burden scale (SPDS) were used for the investigation. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of victim justice sensitivity. Results: The score of victim justice sensitivity was 42.72±7.48， and the score of self-perceived burden was 31.24±7.18 in elderly patients with COPD. Pearson correlation analysis showed there was a significant positive correlation between victim justice sensitivity and self-perceived burden in elderly COPD patients (r = 0.489, P< 0.001) .Linear regression analysis showed that degree of dyspnea, living alone, treatment expenses, family average monthly income, disease course, having other chronic diseases, and self-perceived burden were influencing factors of victim justice sensitivity in elderly patients with COPD (P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of victim justice sensitivity in elderly patients with COPD was high. The victim justice sensitivity was affected by degree of dyspnea, living alone, treatment expenses, family average monthly income, disease course, having other chronic diseases, and self-perceived burden. Clinical medical staffs should actively carry out emotional help and meticulous treatment support to reduce their victim justice sensitivity, so as to improve their psychological, physiological and economic burden.