Objective: To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of hypothermia in pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used, and 179 pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation were included. The intraoperative body temperature changes were plotted graphically and analyzed by univariate and logistic regression according to various factors of intraoperative hypothermia. Results: The intraoperative core body temperature of pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation showed a dynamic curve of increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing. The incidence of perioperative hypothermia remained 32.96% under the standardized protocol of temperature protection. The hypothermia group was compared with the normal temperature group，and results showed that age, plasma input, temperature at 30 min after anesthesia, temperature at the beginning of surgery, temperature immediately after portal vein block, temperature immediately after portal vein opening, temperature immediately after arterial opening, temperature at closing the abdomen, and temperature at exit from operating room were all different (P<0.05). Blood transfusion volume and age were influencing factors of intraoperative hypothermia in pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation. Conclusion: The incidence of hypothermia during liver transplantation is high, and it is difficult to manage body temperature during the perioperative period of liver transplantation in pediatric patients. The operation team should dynamically adjust the temperature protection measures according to the different nodes of operation. We shoud focus on the influence of the age and blood transfusion volume of the children on the core body temperature,and take effective temperature intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of hypothermia during operation.